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The History of Digital Photography
from: Photography made it possible for us to take precious moments of our lives and have it stored on hand. This have gone along way since its invention in 1981. And further development added new features which people have never thought of to be possible.Digital photography began with the concept of digitizing images for the use of astronauts when having missions on planets. A company called Texas Instruments also designed a filmless analog camera in 1972, but it was never produced.
The first invention of the heart of the digital camera, the image sensor was developed as early as the 1969 with George Smith and Willard Boyle invented the charge-coupled device (CCD) at Bell Labs. But like many inventions originally designed for one use, Smith and Boyle were attempting to create a new kind of semiconductor memory for computers. At the same time they were looking for a way to develop a solid-state camera for use in video phones.
The first digital camera was built by Steven Sasson of Kodak in 1975. Unlike the compact cameras of today, Sasson’s creation was a bulky eight-pound camera which took 23 seconds to capture an image to a cassette and another 23 seconds to play it back on a television screen. The first image had a resolution of 0.01 megapixels but it was a start.
In 1981, Sony Corporation produced the Mavica (Magnetic Video Camera) electronic still camera, which recorded images as magnetic impulses on a compact two-inch still-video floppy disk. The images were captured on the disk by using two CCD (charge-coupled device) chips. One chip stored luminance information and the other separately recorded the chrominance information. This camera provided a 720,000-pixel image. The images could be stored on the floppy disk either in Frame or Field mode. When the photographer selected the Frame mode, the sensor recorded each picture on two tracks. Up to 25 images could be recorded on each disk.
In 1986, Kodak scientists invented the world's first megapixel sensor, capable of recording 1.4 million pixels that could produce a 5x7-inch digital photo-quality print. In 1987, Kodak released seven products for recording, storing, manipulating, transmitting and printing electronic still video images.
There were other attempts at building digital cameras but it was only in the late 1980s when the first true digital camera was created. The Fuji DS-1P was built in 1988 but it was never mass-marketed.
The 1990s saw the rise of commercially-available digital cameras. They were, however, pricey at first and had very low image resolutions. But later developments led to more consumer-friendly prices and better resolutions.
At the same year, Kodak developed the Photo CD system and proposed "the first worldwide standard for defining color in the digital environment of computers and computer peripherals." In 1991, Kodak released the first professional digital camera system (DCS), aimed at photojournalists. It was a Nikon F-3 camera equipped by Kodak with a 1.3 megapixel sensor.
Other companies like the Logitech came out with the Dycam Model 1 black-and-white digicam, the world's first completely digital consumer camera. It stored 32 compressed images internally using 1MB RAM on a 376 x 240 pixel CCD at 256 shades of gray in TIFF format. This simple camera by today’s standards had an 8mm fixed-focus lens, standard shutter speeds of 1/30 to 1/1000 second and a built-in flash. The Dycam worked similarly to the XapShot except that it included the digitizing hardware in the camera itself. The user had to connect the camera to a PC to transfer images.
Further miniaturizing of the camera’s sensor and, thus, it’s inner workings, led companies like Kodak, Nikon, Toshiba and Olympus to produce ever smaller cameras, and ones that a user could hold in much the same way as traditional cameras.
Today digital photography have been added as a feature to different gadgets aside from the camera. These include the mobile phones, video camera, and computers. Some even have resolutions as big as 5 megapixels flooding the market.
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